Choosing a sunscreen can seem complicated given the diversity of products, but it is an essential step in protecting your skin from the harmful effects of the sun . To choose the right one, several criteria are essential:

1. The SPF index: it measures the ability to filter UVB rays responsible for sunburn.

2. Filters: mineral or chemical, they must be adapted to your skin type and your preferences.

Also consider the application area (face or body), your skin type and the level of sun exposure. A well-chosen product guarantees optimal protection , prevents skin aging and reduces the risks associated with UVA and UVB rays. Choose a sunscreen that combines effectiveness , comfort and respect for the particularities of your skin.

Why is sun protection crucial ?

Sun protection plays a vital role in preventing sun damage , such as sunburn, premature skin aging, and increased risk of skin cancer. UVA and UVB rays penetrate deep into the skin, causing cell damage and altering skin structure. These effects can lead to wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and a significantly increased risk of skin tumors.

Additionally, proper sun protection and sun preparation help strengthen the skin barrier , a key element in maintaining healthy and balanced skin. Adopting a sun protection routine is not only a matter of aesthetics, but also of long-term health.

What effect does the sun have on estrogen-dominant skin ?

Estrogen-dominant skin, characterized by excess estrogen, is often more susceptible to the damaging effects of the sun. The reduction in collagen and elasticity, frequently associated with this hormonal condition, can be aggravated by prolonged exposure to UV rays.

Furthermore, hormonal fluctuations related to estrogen dominance can lead to skin problems, such as acne, which can be amplified by UV rays. This is why it is essential for these skin types to use appropriate sun protection , in order to prevent further deterioration of skin health and limit the harmful effects of the sun.

Understanding the SPF index: what does the number hide ?

The SPF , or sun protection factor, is an essential indicator for choosing a sunscreen that's right for you. This number expresses a product's ability to protect your skin specifically against UVB rays, which cause sunburn and superficial lesions. For example, an SPF of 30 means you can theoretically stay in the sun 30 times longer without burning than without protection.

However, this index does not measure protection against UVA rays, which penetrate deeper into the skin and promote skin aging as well as certain cancers. This is why it is important to favor broad-spectrum sunscreens that offer effective protection against both UVA and UVB rays.

SPF 30, 50 or 50+? Choose according to your phototype and context

• PHOTOTYPE I
  Very fair skin, often with freckles, red or blond hair, light eyes. Never tans, always prone to sunburn.
• PHOTOTYPE II
  Light skin, blond or brown hair, light eyes. Tans poorly, burns easily.
• PHOTOTYPE III
  Medium skin (light to beige), brown to brown hair, brown or green eyes. Tans gradually, sometimes sunburns.
• PHOTOTYPE IV
  Dark skin, brown or black hair, dark eyes. Tans easily, rarely sunburns.
• PHOTOTYPE V
  Dark brown skin, black hair, dark eyes. Tans very easily, almost never sunburns.
• PHOTOTYPE VI
  Black skin, black hair, dark eyes. Never gets sunburned.

The choice between SPF 30, 50 or 50+ depends mainly on your phototype , that is to say the natural sensitivity of your skin to the sun, but also on the context of your exposure. For fair, sensitive skin or skin that tends to burn easily, as well as for prolonged outdoor exposure, a high index such as SPF 50 or 50+ is recommended for better sun protection .

On the other hand, for darker skin types, which tolerate the sun better, an SPF 30 may be sufficient for moderate exposure . It is also advisable to adapt the index according to the local solar intensity, altitude and duration of exposure.

Remember that even a high SPF does not exempt you from regularly reapplying sunscreen, especially when swimming or sweating, to maintain optimal skin protection against UVA and UVB rays.

Mineral vs. Chemical Filters: Choosing the Right Natural Ingredients ?

To choose an effective sunscreen that respects your skin and the environment, it's essential to choose natural, protective ingredients . Here's a list of the main mineral filters and natural active ingredients that guarantee good sun protection:

• Zinc : a mineral filter known for its ability to reflect UVA and UVB rays while being gentle on the skin, ideal for sensitive skin .
• Non-nano titanium dioxide : Another mineral filter that acts as a physical screen, effectively blocking UV rays without penetrating the skin.
• Iron oxide : particularly useful for protecting against visible light and enhancing the natural color of sunscreens in addition to their protective action.
• Natural antioxidants : such as vitamin E or plant extracts, help neutralize free radicals generated by exposure to UV rays, thus preserving the health and youthfulness of the skin.
• Bisabolol : A soothing ingredient extracted from chamomile, which helps calm irritation and support skin repair after sun exposure.

Focus on ingredients to avoid (octocrylene, oxybenzone, etc.)

At the same time, it is important to be wary of chemical filters and other controversial components that may be aggressive or harmful, including:

• Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) : a very common chemical filter but known for its potentially allergenic and endocrine disrupting effects.
• Octinoxate (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate) : effective against UVB, but criticized for its environmental impact, particularly on coral reefs.
• Octocrylene : Often used in chemical sunscreens, it can cause skin reactions and is suspected of phototoxicity .
• Homosalate : a chemical filter considered to be poorly biodegradable and associated with risks of hormonal disruption.
• Avobenzone : effective against UVA rays, it is sometimes unstable under sun exposure, which can reduce protection and cause irritation.
• Parabens (methylparaben, propylparaben, etc.) : used as preservatives, they are controversial due to their potential endocrine disrupting effects.

Choosing a sunscreen with quality mineral filters , without these questionable chemical components, is a great way to ensure effective SPF sun protection while taking care of your skin and the environment.

Texture, format, area: cream, spray or stick?

Choosing the right format for your sunscreen shouldn't be left to chance. It affects not only ease of application, but also the effectiveness of the protection. Cream, spray, stick, oil... each sunscreen product offers specific benefits depending on the context of use, your skin type, the area to be protected, and your level of sun exposure. Here's an overview to help you make the right choice.

Sunscreen remains a safe bet, ideal for covering large areas of the body or for daily use on the face. Thanks to its creamy texture, it blends into the skin without leaving a whitish film, provided you choose a formula adapted to your phototype and the area of application. The new generations of facial sunscreens seduce with their invisible finish , their light touch and their compatibility with makeup. As for body creams, they are often formulated to be water and perspiration resistant, which makes them perfect for the beach or sports activities.

The sun stick , on the other hand, is particularly practical for small, sensitive or difficult-to-protect areas, such as the nose, ears, eye area, lips, or even tattoos. Its solid and compact formula allows for precise , quick application without wasting product, while ensuring controlled dosage. Ideal for touch-ups during the day, the stick slips easily into a bag and can be applied without the need to use your hands, which limits the transfer of bacteria. It is also perfect for children or those with reactive skin. Sun sticks with mineral filters can be a more natural and environmentally friendly alternative.

Sunscreen sprays are appealing because of their ease of use. They allow for quick application over large areas, including hard-to-reach areas, without the need for massaging. However, be sure to follow the instructions to ensure even coverage and effective protection. Some ultra-light sprays are particularly popular for their quick drying, non-sticky feel, and portable size, perfect for families or outdoor activities. With children, choose sprays suitable for sensitive skin, alcohol-free, and suitable for use from birth.

Finally, hybrid formats like sun oil, mist, or lotion combine sun protection, sensoriality, and care. These original and pleasant-to-apply textures are ideal for those looking for a more luxurious experience. For example, sun oil combines protection and a sublimating effect, perfect for showing off a luminous tan while protecting yourself from UVA and UVB rays.

Regardless of the format you choose, remember that effective sun protection relies primarily on regular application, in sufficient quantity, to all areas exposed to the sun. The right sunscreen isn't necessarily the most expensive, but the one that suits your needs, your lifestyle, and your daily comfort.

FAQ) Your frequently asked questions about sunscreen

Can you tan with sunscreen ?

Yes, it's perfectly possible to tan with sunscreen. By filtering out a large portion of the UVB rays responsible for sunburn, sunscreen allows for a more gradual and safer tan. It doesn't completely block the rays necessary for pigmentation, but it slows the process while reducing the risk of burns and cell damage.

So, with the right factor, even SPF 50 , you can get a long-lasting tan without damaging your skin.

What is the difference between SPF 30 and SPF 50 ?

The difference between SPF 30 and SPF 50 lies in the percentage of UVB rays filtered. SPF 30 blocks approximately 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 offers slightly higher protection, around 98%. This difference may seem small, but for sensitive skin or in cases of intense exposure, SPF 50 provides enhanced protection against sunburn and long-term damage.

The choice must also take into account your phototype and the duration of exposure.

Can I use the same cream for face and body ?

Although some products are formulated to be suitable for both the face and body, it's generally best to use a sunscreen specifically for the face. These creams often have a lighter, non-comedogenic texture and incorporate ingredients tailored to the specific needs of the face, such as hydration or anti-pollution protection.

Body products, often thicker and water-resistant, can be too heavy or irritating for delicate areas of the face.

Are organic sunscreens as effective ?

Yes, organic sunscreens can be just as effective as conventional products, as long as they have the right SPF and contain effective mineral filters like non-nano titanium dioxide or zinc. These products prioritize natural ingredients and limit controversial chemical filters, which is beneficial for sensitive skin and the environment.

However, it is important to check the composition and compatibility with your skin type.

Do you need sunscreen in the city or in winter ?

Sun protection isn't just for the beach or sunny days. Even in the city and during winter , UVA rays penetrate clouds and windows, which can cause long-term damage to the skin .

To prevent premature aging , the appearance of spots and to protect your skin from incidental exposure to UV rays, it is recommended to use a facial sunscreen with a moderate SPF every day.

How to protect children's skin ?

Children's skin is particularly fragile and requires enhanced sun protection . Choose sunscreens containing mineral filters , without perfumes or irritants, and offering a high SPF index (generally SPF 50+ ).

For optimal protection, apply the cream generously, reapply regularly, especially after swimming, and combine this routine with additional measures: wearing hats , protective clothing and avoiding hours of intense sunlight.

The essentials on how to choose your sunscreen

In short, choosing the right sunscreen is essential to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun . Choose broad-spectrum products with an SPF index adapted to your skin type and exposure level. Mineral filters are particularly recommended for sensitive skin or if you are looking for natural ingredients.

Remember to apply your sunscreen regularly and combine it with complementary measures , such as wearing protective clothing. Take care of your skin today to preserve your long-term health .

Sources

The French Society of Dermatology (SFD)
➤ https://dermatologie.org
Resources on the effects of the sun on the skin, the role of sunscreens, and good application practices.

High Authority for Health (HAS) – Recommendations on photoprotection
➤ https://www.has-sante.fr
Official data on UV risks and skin cancer prevention.

ANSM (National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products)
➤ https://ansm.sante.fr
Control of ingredients authorized in cosmetics, in particular chemical and mineral UV filters.