LACTIC ACID

LACTIC ACID:

HYDRATES ⎪ PROTECTS ⎪ EXFOLIATES

Definition: What is lactic acid?

Lactic acid is a substance that is produced by red blood cells, but also by muscle cells, skin cells and kidneys. It is produced when cells lack oxygen, particularly during intense physical activity. It is an organic acid from the family of AHA (alpha-hydroxyacide) found in the natural state in milk, in certain fruits and vegetables (such as tomatoes or guava) and also in wine. It plays a role in various biochemical processes in the human body.

Lactic acid is a mild alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps gently exfoliate the skin. It promotes hydration, the evacuation of dead cells and cell renewal. It helps soften and retain moisture in the skin, and gives it radiance. He also helps maintain the pH of the skin flora. Thelactic acid that we use, has many benefits for the skin. It notably stimulates the synthesis of collagen, hydrates the skin and gently exfoliates it, without attacking sensitive skin.

On the intimate side, lactic acid is also important in terms of vaginal mucosa. The lactobacilli present in the intimate flora will degrade the glycogen contained in the vaginal mucosa. Lactic acid is then produced, and a acidic environment is formed (pH 3.8-4.5). This acidic environment promotes the growth of lactobacilli, curbing the presence of harmful bacteria and preventing infections.

Lactic acid is therefore essential for protecting the intimate area. By maintaining a low pH in the vagina, the acidic protective film is preserved.

Where does lactic acid come from?

Lactic acid can be of natural or synthetic origin. Of natural origin, it is produced by the fermentation of certain sugars, in particular by lactic acid bacteria present in foods such as yogurt, kimchi, miso and sauerkraut. In the cosmetic and food industry, it is often synthesized to ensure consistent quality and concentration. With its ability to regulate pH and its beneficial effects on the skin, it is commonly used in skin care, hair products, oral care and food formulations.

Properties and active ingredients

Lactic acid has many properties that make it an ingredient of choice for cosmetics and food products. Here are the main characteristics and actions of lactic acid:

1. Gentle exfoliant (AHA) : As an alpha hydroxy acid, lactic acid helps exfoliate dead skin cells by dissolving the bonds that hold them together. This exfoliating action is gentler than other AHAs, making it suitable for sensitive skin.
2. Natural moisturizer : Lactic acid is a humectant, meaning it helps attract and retain moisture in the skin, promoting long-lasting hydration and preventing dehydration.
3. pH regulator : In cosmetic and food products, lactic acid acts as a pH regulator, helping to maintain the product at a pH level that is well tolerated by the skin or suitable for optimal conservation.
4. Antimicrobial properties : Lactic acid has antimicrobial properties that help prevent the growth of bacteria and yeast in cosmetic products, extending their shelf life.
5. Soothing and restorative effect : In cosmetics, lactic acid promotes cell renewal and helps improve skin texture, thus reducing redness and providing a smoothing effect.

What are the benefits of lactic acid?

Thelactic acid offers many benefits for the skin, the digestive healthe and consumer products. Here are the main benefits of this versatile acid:

1. Exfoliation and cell renewal : By helping to remove dead cells from the skin's surface, lactic acid promotes healthy cell turnover. This gentle exfoliation reveals brighter skin and improves its texture, reducing fine lines, pigmentation spots and the appearance of enlarged pores.
2. Long-lasting hydration : Thanks to its humectant properties, lactic acid helps draw moisture into the skin and retain it, which is particularly beneficial for dry and dehydrated skin. In cosmetics, it is often used in creams and serums to maintain long-lasting hydration.
3. Improved skin health : Lactic acid helps strengthen the skin barrier and promotes skin cell renewal, which helps reduce redness, irritation and blemishes. Its softness makes it suitable for sensitive skin that does not tolerate more aggressive acids.
4. pH regulation in products : Lactic acid is used to adjust and stabilize the pH of cosmetic and food products, making it a safe choice for skin and consumption. In facial care, it helps maintain an acidic pH adapted to protect the skin's natural barrier.
5. Natural antimicrobial effect : Its antimicrobial properties make lactic acid an effective preservative in cosmetic and food products, which helps limit the use of chemical preservatives.
6. Digestion support : In nutrition, lactic acid plays a role in maintaining the balance of the intestinal microbiota, especially when consumed in fermented foods. It promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut and can improve digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Its benefits: 

• Regulates the pH of the skin and intimate area
• Gently exfoliates the skin
• Helps protect the intimate area
• Provides hydration and firmness

How to consume lactic acid?

Lactic acid is versatile and is used in skin care, food and even oral care:

• Cosmetics and skin care : Lactic acid is a common ingredient in exfoliants, serums, moisturizers and gentle skin peels. Used regularly, it helps improve the texture of the skin, making it look more radiant and smooth. To avoid irritation, it is recommended to use it in moderate concentrations, especially for sensitive skin.
• Hair products : In hair products, lactic acid is used to balance pH and provide softness and hydration to hair. It also helps smooth the hair cuticle, making hair shinier and easier to style.
• Fermented foods : Lactic acid is found naturally in many fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and fermented vegetables. These foods rich in probiotics and lactic acid contribute to healthy digestion and strengthen the intestinal microbiota.
• Oral care : In toothpastes and mouthwashes, lactic acid is used to help maintain low pH, which prevents bacterial growth that causes bad breath and cavities.

Note : In cosmetics, it is recommended to use lactic acid in the evening to avoid photosensitization. Excessive use may cause slight irritation or dryness, so it is recommended to respect dosages and not immediately combine it with other acids or retinoids.

Any side effects?

Lactic acid is generally well tolerated, but some adverse effects may occur with inappropriate use or individual sensitivity:

1. Skin irritation : Using lactic acid in high concentrations or too frequently may cause irritation, redness or stinging, especially in people with sensitive skin. It is advisable to start with a low concentration and gradually increase according to tolerance.
2. Photosensitivity : Lactic acid can increase the skin's sensitivity to the sun. It is therefore recommended to use it in the evening and to apply sun protection during the day to avoid the risk of pigment spots.
3. Drying effect : In some people, excessive use can lead to skin dehydration, due to its exfoliating properties. It is advisable to moisturize the skin well after each use.
4. Allergic reactions : Although rare, allergic reactions can occur. Symptoms may include itching, redness and rash. If in doubt, a test on a small area of ​​skin is recommended before applying to the face.
5. Tooth sensitivity : In oral care, excessive use of lactic acid may, in some people, contribute to mild tooth sensitivity due to its slightly acidic effect. It is advisable to use these products in moderation.

Sources:

The benefits of lactic acid are well documented in research in cosmetics, nutrition and digestive health. Numerous studies support its effectiveness as a gentle exfoliant and moisturizer for the skin, as well as its role in fermentation and gut health. Health authorities like the FDA and EFSA approve its use as a safe ingredient in cosmetic and food products.